Cross Cultural Studies Essay

Magnificence, is whatever interests, and is fused in current prevailing fashions and patterns of the zone. Its highlights radically change over the globe where alienating habits are embraced. Stoutness is such a model, where in the west, heftiness is disregarded, and counseled, and despite what might be expected, in the African nations, weight draws and is viewed as a gift, showing lavishness. Excellence might be shallow, however there are situations when such turns into a conundrum. Stoutness isn't just about the weight, or the physical and hereditary rationalities we can get from it. Stoutness can likewise be gotten from its mental roots. What is heftiness and how it influences the notoriety, character, or even the mentality towards it shifts across societies as referenced before. In this paper, heftiness is viewed as acceptable and needed physiological quality, contrasted and as a social disease tormenting the wellbeing in most Western nations. Examination FINDINGS Norimitsu Onish (2001), in his article entitled, ‘On the size of Beauty, weight loads heavily’, has clarified in an imposing way the furor stoutness has among high school young ladies in Nigeria. He has delineated the manners in which women will utilize to go too far in the red in order to get fat, and leads showcase overviews figuring out which kinds of steroids, pills or synthetic compounds they would utilize. The paper clarifies how fat ladies are romanticized and gazed upward onto. Onish demonstrates that ladies would will in general devour hurtful substance to increase greasy tissues, and have gotten so fixated on getting fat, that they would go to ‘fattening farms’ and get rubbed a long time before their weddings. In like manner, a portion of the less fortunate ladies would devour creature feed so as to get fat and become alluring, as they can't manage the cost of the rich nourishments. Verifiably, meaty African ladies were viewed as plentifully supplied monetarily, on the grounds that they can bear the cost of food, are sound and rich. Ladies in African culture are worshipped to as the food supplier, the person who plants and supplies food in the network. A meaty African lady indicates somebody from a princely family or maybe an expected decent supplier for her family. The substantial African lady was esteemed and held in high regard. Be that as it may, note that African ladies toiled constantly, stirring sun up to sun down, and their difficult undertakings were not helpful for being large. The exhausting work kept African ladies essentially on the slim side (Johnson and Broadnax, 2003). Delineation: Stratification is a necessary piece of a network and society that happens because of a division in the classes which is controlled by the financial circumstance of the family or network. This even layer is additionally pervasive among certain nations which have a male prevailing society, on the appearance of religion. This has been portrayed in Onish’s article, where hefty ladies are a superficial point of interest, showing their assets, and that they have a place with wealthy families, trading off their wellbeing along these lines. A generally excellent model is cited clarifying how a young lady since the age of 11 years, had to get hefty on the guise of getting a ‘good match’, and now she experiences hip separation, and bone issue, as it has gotten hard to hold herself around. Socially, being enormous was not standard. In the African view, ladies who are beefy, had hips, and a curvy body are the ladies to wed. Body size was likewise seen to make them magnificent moms. African ladies who are huge have increasingly fat tissue, and were seen to convey a baby to full term and suspend for quite a while the impacts of starvation ought to there be shortage of food (Johnson and Broadnax, 2003). In a class address by Mead in 1974, culture was characterized as the transmission of qualities and practices and ideas. It is the way one eats, the way one strolls, and the way one brings up a youngster. In Africa, the social level was unpretentious for young ladies to discover that African men and families esteems enormous ladies and was exceptionally worthy. Yet, being well proportioned was considered in an alternate manner when slaves were moved to the new world. African ladies at that point were seen and even assigned to be reproducers and has an obligation to conceive an offspring the same number of times as her proprietor needs to. Alex Haley recorded this in his book by relating how enormous African ladies beats slave kids and hands them to a slave proprietor as a sexual prize (Johnson and Broadnax, 2003). In another article, ‘Culture: A sociological view’, (Becker, 1982) clarifies the hugeness of culture in a general public and how it is consistently changed so as to meet the advanced style and craze. Culture is in effect consistently changed, and fresher adaptations of standards and practices are received. In like manner, definition as far as race and sex is likewise now being weakened, as a feeling of equity is pervasive inside the majority of the social orders over the globe. A general public is sorted out by its social qualities, which is the pith to its turn of events, and subsequently despite the fact that more up to date ideas are received, more seasoned standards ought not be disregarded and ought to be passed onto ages so as to save a society’s social legacy. The continuous changes in the public eye along with the way of life wherein one develops takes ages. There are a couple and center social attributes which are given starting with one age then onto the next, safeguarded in families, in spite of the numerous progressions that are continually occurring. In the sociological setting, this likewise reflects how society impacts the individual’s perspectives and recognitions with the numerous progressions occurring around him/her. Eventually, the individual comprehends what his way of life is intrinsically, yet additionally acclimates to fit in and adapt up to the numerous social changes in our social orders. Multifaceted STUDIES: Cross social examinations was an intriguing subject that portrays the different anthropologies around the world. The essential quintessence in this examination is a component of resistance which different ethnic gatherings need to cause in order to oblige and mix with different social set ups. A unified substitute which individuals from completely various societies will collaborate and useful serve towards the advancement and improvement of a general public is pervasive in many nations. A genuine model is delineated by the individuals of Malaysia, in which different ethnic gatherings exist together and assume their particular jobs so as to make Malaysia one of the most quickly created country in the previous decade, and it is presently a good example for others to follow. Hinduism, Islam, Christianity and Buddhism exist together and sanctuaries are assembled directly close to mosques and holy places, where individuals go side by side to lecture in resilience and congruity. The equivalent can be inferred when slaves where moved to the New World. As African ladies became sexual prizes to their proprietors, some Westerner has fathered a youngster, and bore an African-American kid. In the current culture, being slender is in. Bulimia and anorexia has gotten a scourge among youngsters and more youthful ladies as a result of the pictures of slight ladies being developed in the new society. The multifaceted assessment between how ladies in Africa in examination with African-American ladies see heftiness is unique and is an impression of how perspectives and recognition change after some time and across societies. End: Culture contrast over the globe, meeting the topographical necessities of a district, these can change and be opposite, similar to the instance of corpulence, which is attempted by a few, and rebuked by different social orders, similar to the westerners. In like manner, social set ups are adjusted and changed so as to meet cutting edge prerequisites, and all the while keeping up and safeguarding the antiquated social qualities that have been passed on. Likewise, culturally diverse set ups additionally exist, and different ethnic gatherings exist together and serve proactively for the turn of events and progress of countries, consequently showing control, solidarity and resistance. REFERENCES: Becker H. (1982) Culture: A Sociological View, Yale Review, September 2, , 71:513-527 Johnson, R. W. what's more, Broadnax, P. A (2003). A point of view on weight †examination of pattern of stoutness in African-American ladies. ABNF Journal. Onish N. (2001) Maradi Journal: On the Scale of Beauty, Weight Weighs Heavily New York Times dated Feb 12

Free Essays on The Man That Corrupted Hadleyburg

Imprint Twain was incredibly known for his moralistic and funny composition. It was regularly unexpected composing that uncovered debasement and lip service while looking at unassuming community life in America during the nineteenth century. An incredible case of his composing would be, â€Å"The Man That Corrupted Hadleyburg.† He utilizes the entirety of his sorts of composing including hilarious, moralistic, and amusing subtleties of his composition. Numerous pundits gave him extraordinary audits on this short story on account of the manner in which he depicted it to appear to be similarly as the spot he concentrated to start composing it over. Generally speaking numerous pundits appreciate and acclaim Twain’s fill in just as numerous others did and still do. How incredible of an author do you think Mark Twain was, lets hear your analysis. Imprint Twain was conceived on November 30, 1835 and passed on April 21, 1910 (Bloom, P 48). He was conceived in Missouri, Florida. His folks were John Marshall Clemens and Jane Langhorne Clemens. His unique name was Samuel Langhorne Clemens until he turned into an expert essayist and received the name Mark Twain. He additionally started his writing in the 1850’s.His dad John Marshal Clemens was the adjudicator for the town of Hannibal, Missouri. Before he started his abstract profession he held numerous different occupations running from being a waterway vessel pilot and a periodic gold excavator to filling in as an apprentice printer. In the time of 1847 is the point at which he started functioning as a printer’s student in Hannibal, Missouri, and from that point started working for his sibling Orion’s paper. At that point in the late 1850’s he started composing for another paper and it was known as the Keokuk Post (Milne, P 163). Between the long stretc hes of 1853 through 1856 he made a trip to St. Louis, New York, and Philadelphia as an apprentice printer. Not long after he apprenticed himself to turn into a steamer pilot on the Mississippi River and earned his pilot permit between the long stretches of 1857 through 1861 (Milne, P156). From that point he moved to Nevada with his ... Free Essays on The Man That Corrupted Hadleyburg Free Essays on The Man That Corrupted Hadleyburg Imprint Twain was enormously known for his moralistic and entertaining composition. It was frequently amusing composing that uncovered debasement and false reverence while inspecting humble community life in America during the nineteenth century. An incredible case of his composing would be, â€Å"The Man That Corrupted Hadleyburg.† He utilizes the entirety of his kinds of composing including amusing, moralistic, and unexpected subtleties of his composition. Numerous pundits gave him extraordinary surveys on this short story on account of the manner in which he depicted it to appear to be similarly as the spot he concentrated to start composing it over. By and large numerous pundits appreciate and acclaim Twain’s function just as numerous others did and still do. How incredible of an author do you think Mark Twain was, lets hear your analysis. Imprint Twain was conceived on November 30, 1835 and kicked the bucket on April 21, 1910 (Bloom, P 48). He was conceived in Missouri, Florida. His folks were John Marshall Clemens and Jane Langhorne Clemens. His unique name was Samuel Langhorne Clemens until he turned into an expert essayist and embraced the name Mark Twain. He additionally started his writing in the 1850’s.His dad John Marshal Clemens was the appointed authority for the town of Hannibal, Missouri. Before he started his scholarly profession he held numerous different employments running from being a stream vessel pilot and an intermittent gold excavator to filling in as an apprentice printer. In the time of 1847 is the point at which he started functioning as a printer’s understudy in Hannibal, Missouri, and from that point started working for his sibling Orion’s paper. At that point in the late 1850’s he started composing for another paper and it was known as the Keokuk Post (Milne, P 163 ). Between the long periods of 1853 through 1856 he headed out to St. Louis, New York, and Philadelphia as an apprentice printer. Soon after he apprenticed himself to turn into a steamer pilot on the Mississippi River and earned his pilot permit between the long stretches of 1857 through 1861 (Milne, P156). From that point he moved to Nevada with his ...

SIPA Has Game COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

SIPA Has Game COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog A common question prospective students ask is, What do SIPA students go on to do after graduating?   I often respond by saying that the more appropriate question might be, What dont SIPA students go on to do after graduating? SIPA students have diverse goals and will often jump between sectors during their career lifetime.   All sectors, for-profit, not-for-profit, and public, are well represented in our employment statistics which you can find by clicking here.   I thought I would provide the following timely example of the variety of things SIPA graduates to go to do. Last night was the National Basketball Association (NBA) Draft.   I know that soccer is the worlds sport, however the NBA is highly international.   The NBA is seeking to expand its presence and a SIPA graduate is on the forefront of that effort.   Vinod and I sat on a panel at The Clinton Foundation recently and I asked him if he would be up for a short interview.   He graciously agreed.   Enjoy. Name: Vinod Raghavan Degree Program: MIA Concentration: International Economic Policy Graduation Year: 2005 Current Position: Senior Manager, Global Marketing Partnerships Organization Name: National Basketball Association Organization Location (city, country):   New York, USA What were you doing prior to attending SIPA? Prior to attending SIPA, I was working at the Office of Former President Bill Clinton as Deputy Domestic Policy Advisor, where I focused on the creation, management, and execution of programs and initiatives in line with the Former President’s commitment   to fostering service and economic empowerment, paying specific attention to underserved communities domestically. What are you doing now? Currently, I work for the National Basketball Association in International Business Development, where our aim is to continue to grow and develop the game of basketball around the world. We have a strong global presence and continue to look for opportunities to expand our footprint in meaningful ways, including basketball development, strategic partnerships and international games and events. Specifically, I am tasked with liaising between our international offices and headquarters here in NY in an effort to align our goals and our and approach, both tactically and strategically. Did you take classes at other Columbia Schools during your time at SIPA? In addition to SIPA’s curriculum, I also took classes at the Business School, the Law School and even audited a course in the Philosophy department. If there’s something you’re interested in, it’s more than likely that you’ll find a way to get to it while at SIPA. In your view, what type of person is “right” for SIPA? Although it is difficult to identify the type of person who is exactly “right” for SIPA, it is clear that those that stand to benefit the most are those who are willing to share with and learn from their peers. The student body is one of SIPA’s strongest assets, owing to its broad diversity in nationality, ethnicity, experience, personality, and culture. There is a wealth of experience to be gained not only inside the classroom, but outside it as well. What was it like to attend graduate school/work in New York City? There is no city in the world quite like New York City. The city has so much to offer, it’s hard to decide where to begin. Whatever you’re looking for, you’re likely to find here. From a professional standpoint, New York is also a great place for new graduates. Almost all roads converge here, including finance, entertainment, the arts, non-profit/NGO, and politics. Opportunities are everywhere.

Prisoners Dilemma Essay Online For Free - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 12 Words: 3595 Downloads: 8 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Law Essay Type Research paper Did you like this example? Introduction In this report is to introduce what is the Prisoners Dilemma and the meaning about Cartel Union. First is to analyze the correlation of manufacturers and the prisoners dilemma due to the correlation. The effectiveness of Cartel coalition is investigated and the principle of output dispense is given. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Prisoners Dilemma Essay Online For Free" essay for you Create order Explain the factors affecting the stability of Cartel. From the game theory it is a rational behavior for interactive decision problems. In a game, several agents strive to maximize their (expected) utility index by choosing particular courses of action, and each agents final utility payoffs depend on the profile of courses of action chosen by all agents. The interactive situation, specified by the set of participants, the possible courses of action of each agent, and the set of all possible utility payoffs, is called a game; the agents playing a game are called the players. From this precondition to understand about the prisoners dilemma from the Dominant Strategies, Extensions of the Prisoners Dilemma and the Issues with Respect to the Prisoners Dilemma these three parts to analysis the problem of Prisoners Dilemma. And used the Oligopoly Problem to explain the reason why Prisoners Dilemma can solutions the problem of oligopoly pricing and the situation in the market. Combine whit the Cartel and the Nash equilibrium The Prisoners Dilemma The Prisoners Dilemma is one of the best-known models in game theory. In the picture, figure 1, the natural world in a ridiculous role to prove that two suspicious people help each other, or opposing each other. In this assumptive situation, two confederates have been locked up in prison, and they tried to fake evidence of a crime and not sell out the other side do not recognize the crime. And the next step is give the serious of the punishment that each receives is determined not only by his behavior, but also by the behavior of his or her accomplice. The two prisoners are separated and cannot communicate with each other. And the result should be have four different possible. If one confesses to the crime and turns in the accomplice his sentence will be reduced. If one confesses while the accomplice does not, the first can make a deal with the police, and will be set free. But the information he provides will be used to incriminate his accomplice, who will receive the maximum sentence. If both prisoners confess to the crime, then each receives a reduced sentence, but neither is set free. If neither confesses to the crime, then each receives the minimum sentence because of the lack of evidence. This option may not be as attractive to either individual as the option of striking a deal with the police and being set free at the expense of ones partner. Since the prisoners cannot communicate with each other, the question of whether to trust the other not to confess is the critical aspect of this game. Although this is a simple model, its lessons can be used to examine more complicated strategic interactions, such as arms races. If two antagonistic countries uncontrollably build up their armaments, they increase the potential for mutual loss and destruction. For each country, the value of arming itself is decreased because the costs of doing, for example financial costs, heightened security tensions, greater mutual destructive capabilities and so on provide few advantages over the opponent, resulting in an no profit outcome. Each country has a choice: cooperate to control arms development, with the goal of achieving mutual benefits, or defect from the pact, and develop armaments. The dilemma stems from the realization that if one side arms itself and the other does not cooperates, the participant who develops armaments will be considered stronger and will win the game. If both cooperate, the best possible outcome is a tie. This is better than the payoff from mutual defection and an arms race, but it is not as attractive as winning, and so the temptation to out-arm ones opponent is always present. The fear that ones opponent will give in to such temptations often drives both players to arm; not doing so risks total loss, and the benefits of not arming can only be realized if ones opponent overcomes his or her temptation to win. Such trust is often lacking in the international environment. The U.S.-Soviet relationship was a good example of this dynamic. For a long time, the two countries did not trust each other at all. Each armed itself to the hilt, fearing that the other one was doing so, and not wanting to risk being vulnerable. Yet the cost of the arms race was so high that it eventually bankrupted the Soviet Union. Had the Soviets been willing to trust the U.S. more, and vice versa, much of the arms race could have been prevented, at tremendous financial and security savings forboth nations, and indeed, the rest of the world. The lessons initia lly drawn from the Prisoners Dilemma can be discouraging. The game illustrates a zero-sum situation, in which one person must lose in order for the other to win. To keep from losing, each player is motivated to pursue a winning strategy. The collective result is unproductive, at best, and destructive, at worst. Dominant Strategies What has happened here is that the two prisoners have fallen into something called† dominant strategy equilibrium. The first is Dominant Strategy: Let an individual player in a game evaluate separately each of the strategy combinations he may face, and, for each combination, choose from his own strategies the one that gives the best payoff. If the same strategy is chosen for each of the different combinations of strategies the player might face, that strategy is called a dominant strategy for that player in that game. The second is Dominant Strategy Equilibrium: If in a game, each player has a dominant strategy, and each player plays the dominant strategy, then that combination of strategies and the corresponding payoffs are said to constitute the dominant strategy equilibrium for that game. In the Prisoners Dilemma game to confess is a dominant strategy, and when both prisoners confess, that is dominant strategy equilibrium. This remarkable result that individually ratio nal action results in both persons being made worse off in terms of their own self-interested purposes is what has made the wide impact in modern social science. For there are many interactions in the modern world that seem very much like that, from arms races through road congestion and pollution to the depletion of fisheries and the overexploitation of some subsurface water resources. These are all quite different interactions in detail, but are interactions in which individually rational action leads to inferior results for each person, and the Prisoners Dilemma suggests something of what is going on in each of them. That is the source of its power. Extensions of the Prisoners Dilemma Few social situations can be modeled accurately by a single interaction. Rather, most situations result from a series of interactions over a long period of time. An extended version of the Prisoners Dilemma scenario includes repeated interaction, which increases the probability of cooperative behavior. The logic of this version of Prisoners Dilemma suggests that a players strategy depends on his or her experience in previous interactions, and that that strategy will also affect the future behavior of ones opponent. The result is a relationship of mutual reciprocity; a player is likely to cooperate if his or her opponent previously demonstrated willingness to cooperate, and is unlikely to cooperate if the opponent previously did not. The knowledge that the game will be played again leads players to consider the consequences of their actions; ones opponent may retaliate or be unwilling to cooperate in the future, if ones strategy always seeks maximum payoffs at the expense of the other player. Issues With Respect to the Prisoners Dilemma This remarkable result that individually rational action results in both persons being made worse off in terms of their own self-interested purposes is what has made the wide impact in modern social science. For there are many interactions in the modern world that seem very much like that, from arms races through road congestion and pollution to the depletion of fisheries and the overexploitation of some subsurface water resources. These are all quite different interactions in detail, but are interactions in which individually rational action leads to inferior results for each person, and the Prisoners Dilemma suggests something of what is going on in each of them. That is the source of its power. A number of critical issues can be raised with the Prisoners Dilemma. That is a two-person game, but many of the applications of the idea are really many-person interactions. We have assumed that there is no communication between the two prisoners. If they could communicate and commi t themselves to coordinated strategies, we would expect a quite different outcome. In the Prisoners Dilemma, the two prisoners interact only once. Repetition of the interactions might lead to quite different results. Compelling as the reasoning is that leads to the dominant strategy equilibrium may be, it is not the only way this problem might be reasoned out. Perhaps it is not really the most rational answer after all. We will consider some of these points in what follows. Oligopoly prices and Solutions to Pricing Games there is a example to Table 1 Perrier price = $1 price = $2 Apollinaris price = $1 0,0 5000,-5000 price = $2 -5000,5000 0,0 In the Prisoners Dilemma, each company has a strong rationale to choose one strategy and in this case it is a price cut. For example, Appolinaris might reason Either Perrier will cut to $1 or it will not. If it does, it has a better to decrease otherwise it will lose all of the customers and lose $5000. On the other hand, if Perrier doesnt cut, Im still better off to cut, since it will take the customers away and get a profit of $5000. Like this the price cut is a dominant strategy. But this is a very simplified unreasonable conception of price competition. The Prisoners Dilemma has been influential throughout the social sciences, because the rational and self-interested decision-makers, choosing their strategies in isolation from one another, find that the strategies interact so that they both have bad outcomes. In application to the problem of oligopoly pricing, the examples given so far seem to give strong support to the second hypothesis of oligopoly pricing, the hypot hesis that oligopoly prices will be the same as those in a P-competitive market: zero profits. But thats not really so clear. And antitrust laws are designed to make such a price-fixing agreement illegal. But we havent always had antitrust laws they were enacted because many people believed that businessmen were collaborating to fix high prices. And even now, there may be ways to get around the law. When the decision-makers in a game get together, agree on a common strategy, and share out the gains from it among themselves, the agreement they come to is called a cooperative solution to the game. The examples we have looked at so far are noncooperative solutions. It appears that we cannot rule out the possibility of a cooperative solution to the oligopoly pricing game, so we need to look a bit at the cooperative alternative in game theory. The Oligopoly Problem It seems that game theory doesnt solve the oligopoly problem after all. There are at least two kinds of solutions to the problem of oligopoly pricing cooperative and noncooperative. Actually, its a bit worse than that. In each of the two categories, there is actually more than one sort of solution, depending on how we approach the problem! That had become pretty clear to economists by the 1960s, and many economists lost interest in game theory. But despite its failure on this specific point, game theory has proved to be a powerful tool of economic thinking, so that it has become more influential since the 1960s, culminating in the Nobel Prize for three game theorists (including John Nash, who invented the Nash-Equilibrium) in 1994. And it is not just simply a failure in the analysis of oligopoly prices. Sometimes its important to be confused at a higher level. We know that oligopoly pricing is a hard problem, but the reason why it is a hard problem. The pricing examples we h ave seen here give some insight about the reason why price competition when it does occur is so powerful in bringing prices down to the lowest stable level. And we can apply the same methods to a range of other problems, both related to imperfect competition and in other fields of economics. Cartel Cartel union is an important form of business cooperation. So as to used price fixing and set limit to pursue the trade profits, then used the basis of equitable distribution of the profit-sharing mechanism. on the basis of the Cartel expansion of the alliance model, and analysis the repeated game mechanism; the result is that the static game under the conditions of the enterprises do not have the stability of the Cartel Union, in repeated games under the conditions of enterprises to cooperate balance in the balance between competition and choice depends on the size of the discount factor. Forgiveness policy is an effective cartel enforcement policy, it will help undermine the stability of the cartel, and the cartel will help improve the efficiency of law enforcement. Design the reasonable rule and effective policy of forgiveness play a role in the foundation of concrete and determined that forgiveness is transparent the basic requirements of the policy. Forgiveness policy and t he effect of the cartel legislation, law enforcement situation is closely related to severe legal sanctions, the firms attitude toward law enforcement and strong enforcement measures to promote the effective implementation of the policy of forgiveness. Cartel is in order to strengthen the law enforcement. Nash equilibrium Assume N that a player involved in the game, given other people the strategy under the condition of each player to choose their own optimal strategy (personal best strategy may or may not depend on others to rely on the strategy), so to maximize their effectiveness. All in games player will make a strategic combination?Strategy Profile?. Nash equilibrium refers to a combination of strategy, this combination of strategies by all participants the best strategy component. Even given the strategy of others, no one has sufficient reason to break this balance. It has the case with the Prisoners Dilemma. Assuming there are two A and B of the Joint thief was convicted, into private homes seized by the police. Police were placed in two different rooms within the two to trial, each of the suspects, the police are given the policy is: If you suspect a crime has been, frankly, to hand over the stolen goods, the evidence, both were convicted. If the other suspects also made frank, the two me n were each sentenced 8 years; if another crime suspects but frankly did not deny, however, prevent the crime of official duties (as a result of evidence of their guilt has been) plus 2 penalty , To be honest and active 8-year sentence was immediately released. If they both deny, for lack of evidence the police can not be sentenced two of theft, but the accusal they can into the private home of the charges would be liable to imprisonment for 1 year. —————————————————————————— BB ————————?————————?————————? confessdisavow ————————?————— ———?————————? A? confess-8, -80, -10 ————————?————————?————————? A? disavow-10, 0-1, -1 ————————?————————?————————? On the case, clearly the best strategy is to deny both of them; the result is only sentenced to 1 year. However, due to two in isolation, should be the first from a psychological point of view, the parties will suspect the other party will sell out in order to protect themselves, followed by Adam Smiths theory, hypothesis that everyone to be Rational economic man and they will proceed from the purpose of self-selection. The two men will have a cal culation process: If one frankly, one deny, would take a 10-year prison, a maximum of only 8 years frank; one would deny, one person will be able to be released, and he would take 10 years in prison. Taking all these circumstances into account, whether or not someone is honest, for another one, is frankly a cost-effective. The two would move such a brain, in the end, both chose to be honest; the results were sentenced to 8 years imprisonment. Rational agent-based on economics premise the assumption that the two prisoners in line with the interests of their own choice is to confess frankly, was beneficial to both sides of the strategy is not to confess and thus would not have been released. Both of this option, frankly, as well as the strategy are therefore sentenced to 8 years of the end. So Nash equilibrium in the lead to the invisible hand of the principle of a paradox: from self-serving purpose, the results Dog in the manger, not altruism or self. The relationship between the ‘Prisoners Dilemma and the theory of cartels Monopolize market is the reality of the existence that there is an important market structure, which refers to products in the market. With a product that only a few companies to provide production and characterized by any decision-making will Manufacturers of other vendors have an impact on production. In the monopolistic cartel Union, Cartels output is allocated to form a key cartel. Such as the OPEC. Since the international oil price in the 1970s sharp rise year, OPEC cartel does have some of the traditional organization of the basic features, but with other traditional organizations cartel, OPEC also has some obvious differences. most of the studies can not prove that OPEC is a cartel; OPEC can only prove that there is a similarity between the members. In addition, the OPEC cartels interests have been significantly reduced. As a result, the conclusion can be drawn: For now, OPEC is not an effective operation of the cartels organization; or it could be argued that the internatio nal oil market, OPECs is not entirely influence the power of the cartel. Cartels output has a bearing on the distribution of the vital interests of manufacturers, as the productivity of firms, manufacturers. After forming cartels the ideal of production allocation should be based on the manufacturers effect to determine the productivity of production quotas and more efficient production, Inefficient and less productive. Currently, to make the cartel of several companies as a monopoly vendor various Production plant. So the formula is: Ci = C = R (I = 1, 2 n,) â€Å"Ci† for the first â€Å"i† makers of the marginal cost â€Å"C† for the industry as a whole marginal cost â€Å"R† for the industry as whole marginal gains Actually, cartel will follow the general principles to distribute the sales quota. According to the manufacturers production capacity to the level of sales quota allocation, the greater the scale of production, the highe r ability of manufacturers will get the greater quota. According to the manufacturers sales in the past to the level of sales quota allocation, sales in the past, the higher the level of the companies get bigger quotas. Base on location to distribute quotas, if the companies get a certain region or country market, while other manufacturers have been other regional or national markets. Through the Manufacturers together to formation of a cartel agreement and is often unstable, this instability in the cartel but also as the increased manufacturers, from the chart of analysis can identify the manufactory will leave the cartel in order to Lead to the dissolution of the cartel. From this chart, when the Manufacturers of production is mi, Ci=/=Ri, the mean is mi is not the manufactures good output, in fact, if the manufactures reduce the price to P1, the Manufacturers amount of the request will become mtto mt, and in mt, Ci=Ri, the mean is the Manufacturers optimal output. Tha t is to explain the manufactures Deviated from the limitative price Po, it will be increase the profit. At the same time, if there is another reality deviated from the makers of possible price-fixing. Such as the price or prices in one way to cut the price with impunity, the result is bound to deviate from the manufacturers limit price, which eventually led to the disintegration of the cartel. Conclusion From this report we know about the Prisoners Dilemma in game theory, what is the meaning of the Prisoners Dilemma and the impact of economics. Different possibilities will bring different results. According to the first part of the chart there have four different the result of crime. But the both choices of strategy and frankly was sentenced to 5 years, therefore the result is called Nash equilibrium, also called non-cooperative equilibrium. Each party in the choice of strategy when there is no conspiracy, they just choose the most favorable to their strategy, without thinking about the benefit between each other. On other point of view through the prisoners dilemma develop the resulting is the formation of monopolistic market and the price war. Lead the different companies have different price competition, under the Nash equilibrium and the influence of game theory will consider adopting a normal pricing strategy or the formation of high-price strategy of monopoly prices and make every effort to obtain the monopoly profits. If the monopoly can be formed, then will getting the largest mutual profit. In fact, perfectly competitive equilibrium is the Nash equilibrium or non-cooperative game balanced. In this state, each manufacturers or consumers are all the others the price has been set for the decision-making.

Princess Diana - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 2 Words: 577 Downloads: 10 Date added: 2017/09/12 Category Advertising Essay Did you like this example? I. Introduction a. â€Å"The worst illness of our time is that so many people have to suffer from not ever being loved. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Princess Diana" essay for you Create order † This is a quote by Princess Diana. b. When I was ten years old, I came downstairs and saw my mom had tears in her eyes from watching a funeral on TV. When I investigated, I figure out it was Princess Diana’s. Ever since that moment I have been intrigued to find out more about her. Seeing that she influenced that many people amazed me. c. Princess Diana had many admirable traits but the three that stand out to me are: determination, nurturing and strength. II. Body d. Determined i. Princess was determined from a young age to make a difference in her life. ii. From birth, she knew that her parents had lost a son before she was born and that they hoped she was a boy. iii. With this weighing on her shoulders, Princess Diana always wanted to touch people in a different ways than others had. iv. With this determination she was able to bring attention to issues that did not get as much as attention in the public, such as Leprosy. . With the quality of determination, Princess Diana become a great mother and showed the next quality of nurturing. e. Nurturing vi. Princess Diana was a mother to two sons, William and Harry. She was a great mother; she was caring and loved her children with all her heart. vii. Her children were her main priority in life, and this could be seen by how her children turned out in life. viii. Not only was she nurturing and caring to her family, but also to other individuals. Princess Diana would go out of her way to let children who may have AIDS or other disease touch her. To me, that was a big ordeal because it showed how much of a loving person she was and how much good she meant for everyone. She loved to help children with an open mind and heart. ix. Princess Diana not only had determination and nurturing characteristics but most of all she was strong. f. Strength x. I believe that Princess Diana’s strength was a foundation for her other qualities in life. Without being strong, Princess Diana would not possess the qualities of determination and nurturing. xi. When one marries a prince is it very hard to get divorced. xii. Princess Diana not only got divorced but she did not let that stop her self esteem or her strength. xiii. Getting divorced was one thing but also she was always in the public eye. xiv. Being in the public eye was not always beautiful as some may think. Princess Diana was always being brought into the spot light in positive ways but a lot of negative ways too. xv. Although she was being accused of having an affair on her husband at the time Prince Charles, she never let the media get to her. She kept her head high and overcame the rumors that were going around about her. xvi. This main characteristic about Princess Diana is one of the main aspects that I look up to her for. Her ability to stay strong even in difficult situations. III. Conclusion g. In summary, I have always admired Princess Diana from that first day I saw her funeral on TV. h. Princess Diana’s strength leads to her determination and her nurturing characteristic.

Dairy Industry in Pakistan Free Essays

While comparing the value of milk with other cash crops, it was mentioned that milk had a value about 60% higher as compared to both wheat and cotton together. The land of Pakistan is benefited with both irrigated plains through mighty Indus river with its tributaries and desert areas like Scholastic and Thereafter. Pakistan is expended from costal range areas in the south to the alpine pastures in the north and has variability in topography, rainfall, immunity, temperature, plant and animal species, social and cultural heritage. We will write a custom essay sample on Dairy Industry in Pakistan or any similar topic only for you Order Now So Larry development Is not only name to meet ten growing means AT animal protein but for socioeconomic reasons as dairy animals provide regular cash income, economic utilization of family labor, create social security and supply growing markets. Milk production is an extremely labor intensive occupation, however, in many countries of the world including Pakistan, it is the most productive way of converting crop residues and agro industrial wastes into valuable food. But due to biological and technical constrains like shortage of feed, high mortality rate, poor emetic potential etc; socio economic constraints like high input cost, scarcity of sources, inadequate marketing systems, commercial feed industry and policy constraints render this sector undeveloped and truly in a miserable condition. The main objective of this article is to review the potentials, problems and solutions pertaining to dairying in Pakistan. Main features of dairy sector in Pakistan. Dairy industry in Pakistan has similar characteristics, like other developing Asian nations, which include small herd, poor genetic potential of animals for milk, low quality deeds, high risks of epidemics, improper marketing channels, lack of technical man power for dairy industry, high environmental stresses, reproductive failure and high udder abnormalities, orthodox management practices, poor extension services and lack of commercial rations. Despite of all above problems, dairy animals, mainly buffalo and cattle are producing 26. 4 million tones of milk in Pakistan (Agriculture Statistics, 1999-2000). Per capita availability of milk in Pakistan is 82. 4 Keg annually. This quantity of milk provides more than half of the 17. 4 g of animal protein available or each Pakistani daily. But Pakistan still has to import dry milk and other milk products e. G. Butter, cheese, yogurt, cream, whey etc. Every year to fulfill the ever increasing demands for milk and milk products. During year 1999-2000 Pakistan expended about 1213. 5 million rupees of valuable foreign exchange to import the milk and milk products (Agricultural Statistics, 1999-2000). The increasing demands for dairy products are attributed to high population growth rate and rapid arbitration. Population of buffalo and cattle. Pakistan owns about 23. 3 million heads of buffalo Agriculture Statistics 1999-2000). The buffalo population increased about 14. 7% during the last 6 years from 1996 to 2001 in Pakistan. Population trends indicate that their number is likely to further increase in future (Khan, 1998) Punjab, Kinds, NFW and Balloonists provinces contribute 64, 28, 7 and 1%, respectively, to the total buffalo population of the country (Livestock Scenes, 1996). These figures indicate that most of the buffaloes are present in irrigated areas and along riversides of the country. About 60% of the total buffalo stock is, female buffalo stock, of above three years of age. It is estimated that about 8. 7 million heads of buffalo are in milk, remaining either in dry stage or not yet calved. About 0. 42 million buffalo bulls are available either for breeding or for work purposes. According to Economic Survey (1999-2000) of Pakistan about 22. 4 million heads of cattle are available in Fig. 1. How to cite Dairy Industry in Pakistan, Essays

Othello Movie Essay Example For Students

Othello Movie Essay One of the most popular tasks for a modern student in the literature field is writing an essay or thesis. There is a huge amount of interesting topics for this assignment. William Shakespeare is the world`s outstanding dramatist. His creative work still plays a significant role in literature and scientific circles.  Thus, we present free Othello essay, as it is one of the most famous tragedies till today. What is the essence of that tragedy? Among 37 plays created by Shakespeare, one of the most prominent is the tragedy  «Othello†.   The plot of the play, as well as many other plays by the English playwright,   is borrowed. The source is the novel The Moor of Venice belonging to Italian prose writer Giralda Chitio. This play is about love and a tragedy of deceived trust. The great love of Othello and Desdemona is dying as a result of a collision with the world of evil, ambition and hypocrisy embodied in the image of Iago. The idea of jealousy, deceit, racism and the victory of evil over good is dominant in tragedy. The action of the dramatic work takes place in the XVII century in Venice and later in Cyprus. In the introduction the reader becomes a witness to the dialogue of Iago, Othellos ensign, with the local nobleman Rodrigo, who is hopelessly in love with the daughter of senator Brabanzio Desdemona. But Iago tells him that she secretly married to Othello a Moor on a Venice service. He convinces Rodrigo in his hatred of Othello, since on the post of lieutenant, that is, his deputy, Othello took Cassio, instead of Iago. To take revenge on Othello, they report about Desdemonas escape to her father, who in madness begins to seek Othello. Othello returns to the Republic of Venice as a winner. He is greeted with honors. Only Iago and Rodrigo, his longtime ill-wishers are not happy with him because once they have suffered from the commander due to careless service. But Othello is completely absorbed in love with Desdemona and does not notice the intrigue spinning around him. To carry out his plans, Iago persuades Cassio to negotiate for his slowed career advancement with Desdemona and at the same time makes Othello witness of this conversation. At the same time, Iago hints to him that their conversation is not at all innocent. Othello is trying to find out from his wife what the conversation was about, but her story burns up even more jealousy in him. Iago tries to arrange another various intrigue to make Othello suspect Desdemona in betrayal. Otello fully believes Iago. Blinded by jealousy, he does not notice the tricks. In conclusion, the final action takes place in the bedroom. Othello enters and begins a famous monologue with the words: Have you prayed . Desdemona realizes that her husband is completely poisoned by jealousy and plans to kill her. She begs to believe her because with all her heart she loves Othello and is completely faithful to him. But he does not believe her and being not able to cope with himself; he chokes Desdemona. Then, Othello realizes his mistake, but nothing can be changed, and he stabs himself. So, the play â€Å"Othello† is a good example of tragedy, where all basic laws of the genre are adhered: the collapse of the hopes, the inability to change reality, the death of the main heroes. This dramatic play can rightfully be called a tragedy of feelings. The topic of confrontation between mind and feelings is the basis of the work. Each character was punished by death for being blindly guilty of his desires and emotions: Othello jealousy, Desdemona boundless faith in the love of her husband, Rodrigo passion, Emily trust and indecision, Iago a ferocious desire for revenge and gain. .u3c88201857613cef691cea5a893934ca , .u3c88201857613cef691cea5a893934ca .postImageUrl , .u3c88201857613cef691cea5a893934ca .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u3c88201857613cef691cea5a893934ca , .u3c88201857613cef691cea5a893934ca:hover , .u3c88201857613cef691cea5a893934ca:visited , .u3c88201857613cef691cea5a893934ca:active { border:0!important; } .u3c88201857613cef691cea5a893934ca .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u3c88201857613cef691cea5a893934ca { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u3c88201857613cef691cea5a893934ca:active , .u3c88201857613cef691cea5a893934ca:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u3c88201857613cef691cea5a893934ca .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u3c88201857613cef691cea5a893934ca .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u3c88201857613cef691cea5a893934ca .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u3c88201857613cef691cea5a893934ca .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u3c88201857613cef691cea5a893934ca:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u3c88201857613cef691cea5a893934ca .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u3c88201857613cef691cea5a893934ca .u3c88201857613cef691cea5a893934ca-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u3c88201857613cef691cea5a893934ca:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Othello (2470 words) EssayThe critical analysis of the play shows the main motives of the literature, such as hopelessness of the conflict between the hero and reality, conflict, which is based not on the coincidence of circumstances, but the collision of different worlds; collision of heroes living on the laws of humanity and high morals, with the world of selfishness and cruelty. In â€Å"Othello†, the conflict between the stranger, who is also alien in class, and hierarchical, predatory and, consequently, not completely human, is shown in the sharpest form. Therefore, Othello’s skin color is not only an expression of racial protest but also a much broader, human protest. It is obvious that his blackness makes him the hostage of circumstances. The character development created by the author makes this tragedy alive and organic. Each of them has both positive and negative features, this makes the play vital and always relevant. Consequently, the game of Iago has practically succeeded, but he failed to control it to the end because of the scale of the intrigue and the abundance of its participants. Blind adherence to feelings and emotions, deprived of the voice of reason, according to the author, would inevitably turn into a tragedy.